Chapter 2: Literature Review paper

2.1. Historical Development of the RFID in Warehouse Logistics
2.1.1. Warehouse logistics
Logistics considers the control of the flow of goods, information and other resources from the point of origin and the point of consumption. These are in the basis of the consumer requirements. Logistics offer the integration of packaging, material-handling, warehousing, inventory, transportation and information. In 2700 B.C., the material handling technologies were first cited in the pyramid constructions, (Chan, 2011). Pharaoh and the Egyptian architects used blocks of stones that weighed several tons and had been transported or assembled at the construction site. In 300 B.C., logistics developed with the advent of the revolution for the Greek rowing vessels. The Vessels allowed the formation of the new foundations of intercontinental trade. In 700 A.D., the international trade led to the need for plans in the procurement and financing of logistical information, (Markus, 2011). Construction of the Mezquita Mosque pillars made Spain form parts of the Islamic empire. In 1200, the international networks were known as the Hanseatic League. The cooperation for transport bundling and international sea transport affected the state of assessment for the organization.
Around 1500, logistical management increased with the changes of the progressive postal services in Europe. Respect of time and shipping services increased the assessment of the evaluation for the Logistical development. In 1800, the discovery of new roads and conveyance increased expansion of tasks logistics through the rise in means of transport. In 1940, the military used logistics in fighting the world war. Logistical management entered the business world in this period, (Chan, 2011). In 1956, sea containers were invented, and world trade increased for the flow of goods. In 1980, Just-in-time logistical concepts were placed for the emphasis of procurement. In 1990, QR and ECR technologies implemented the special emphasis on distribution and control of markets. In the present age, supply chain management has been forced to embrace ICT technologies to ease work, (Markus, 2011). Advancement in the globalization has forced organizations like MAERSK Corporation to invest in efficient logistics.
2.1.2. RFID historical development
RFID considers the combination of the radar and radio broadcasting technology. Warehouses have been forced to embrace them due to an increase of convenience and productivity. Radio Frequency Identification uses over a hundred of applications. Prevention of the theft for automobiles, management of traffic, automated parking and collecting the tolls without stopping are offered by the Radio Frequency Identification technologies, (Gilson, 2011). The historic development of Radio Frequency Identification is as follows.
            In 1800, Faraday Michael experimented and concluded that radio and light waves were emitting electromagnetic energy. In 1887, Hertz units were credited to be the first time for the transmission and receipt of the radio waves for assessment. In 1896, Marconi Guglielmo was successfully transmitting the radiotelegraphy across the Atlantic. In 1900, Ernst Alexanderson demonstrated the first transmission of radio waves. In the experiment, all aspects of the radio waves were controlled to form the modern radio. In 1922, the radar was created as the technical development of Manhattan Scientific project. In 1950, the radar was refined and implemented in the World War II, (Wang, 2011). In 1960, there were early explorations for the RFID technology and the laboratory experiments. In 1970, the theory of RFID was formed, and the applications of the field trials were offered.
            In 1980, the practice and theory of RFID development exploded with accelerated tests of RFID. Early adoption and implementations affected the state of assessment for the evaluation of activities, (Chan, 2011). In 1990, the business sector started to implement the RFID for mainstream manufacturing and logistics handling. In 2000, Business regulatory agencies placed standards and deployment requirements for business to implement RFID. RFID became the part of everyday life.
2.1.3. Summary
             The RFID and Warehouse logistics have worked in increasing the efficiency of the organization for the management of tasks. Rise in trading and transportation advancement have led to the rise of industries. Storage of input, unprocessed materials and output of organizations required logistical management, (Markus, 2011). The rise of RFID offered the option of controlling the state of controlling activities for the businesses. Warehouse using RFID have been able to have a supply chain visibility, reduced the operational cost for the organization and saved time for recording, (Zhang, 2011). Radio Frequency Identification has increased the manager’s ability to see the movement of goods and services, (Gilson, 2011). Radio Frequency Identification has replaced the ineffective Barcode systems that were applied in the past by the organizations. Application of Radio Frequency Identification has offered receipt, shipping services, increased promotion, increased pricing, inventory control and production tracking.
2.2. Contemporary Perspectives
Capabilities of RFID in supply chain process
The supply chain process allows the movement of goods from the supplier, manufacturer, distributor and later top the retailer or consumer, (Gilson, 2011). Radio Frequency Identification has been able to offer security and integrity for the movement of products in the supply chain process. Micro-chips with labels are used for the transmission of data when the labels are exposed to the radio waves.
2.2.1. Integrity
 The Radio Frequency Identification tags are placed in the manufactured products. Sales of the products to the market allow the Radio Frequency Identification tag to recognize the stock on dispatch. Increase of the activities of the organization can offer the employees a loophole for stealing certain products, (Chan, 2011). Target hardening of the management will allow fast location of stock and lowered increase in evaluation.  The management can locate the stocks faster as compared to barcoding approach. RFID tags offer the authenticity confidence. Organizations are able to recall expired products that are not sold through the assessment of the tags that have not been sold. Logistical management through the RFID has increased the consumer’s satisfaction. Quality services and products increase the profitability of the organization.
2.2.2. Security
Warehouse Logistic management of Radio Frequency Identification allows the reduction of return fraud, organizational liability or customer safety lawsuit. Logistic management uses the technology to reduce instances of supply chain ineffectiveness, (Chan, 2011). Warehouse Logistic management of Radio Frequency Identification assures the management of the product identification and fast relay of information. Counterfeit products offered in the market can be assessed with the use of Warehouse Logistic management of RFID.  Fabrication of the products and wrong RFID tags can be identified by the management. Lawsuits and inquiries help the management to achieve their organizational goals.  Warehouse Logistic management of RFID increases the opportunity of managing the flow and movement of products.
2.2.3. Summary
 The Warehouse Logistic management of RFID has the following capabilities in the present age.  Reverse logistics is easily accessible for the evaluation of the different tasks and procedures need for the evaluation of warehouse items, (Gilson, 2011). Containment capability has been offered in the assessment and control of the problems within the warehouse logistic management. Anti-counterfeit and authentication capabilities have been achieved through the implementation of Warehouse Logistic management of RFID. Supply chain process has been managed through the assessment and evaluation of inefficiencies.
2.3. Historical Development of the Theory
Impact of RFID on Management and Supply chain Processes

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